from
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/how-debt-to-gdp-ratios-have-changed-since-2000/

How Debt-to-GDP Ratios Have Changed Since 2000
Published 2 weeks ago on April 18, 2024
By Marcus Lu
Graphics/Design:
Miranda Smith
See this visualization first on the Voronoi app.

Chart comparing debt to GDP ratios from 2000 to 2024

How Debt-to-GDP Ratios Have Changed Since 2000
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free
on Apple or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a
variety of trusted sources.

Government debt levels have grown in most parts of the world since the
2008 financial crisis, and even more so after the COVID-19 pandemic.

To gain perspective on this long-term trend, we’ve visualized the
debt-to-GDP ratios of advanced economies, as of 2000 and 2024
(estimated). All figures were sourced from the IMF’s World Economic Outlook.

Data and Highlights
The data we used to create this graphic is listed in the table below.
“Government gross debt” consists of all liabilities that require
payment(s) of interest and/or principal in the future.

Country 2000 (%) 2024 (%) Change (pp)
🇯🇵 Japan 135.6 251.9 +116.3
🇸🇬 Singapore 82.3 168.3 +86.0
🇺🇸 United States 55.6 126.9 +71.3
🇬🇧 United Kingdom 36.6 105.9 +69.3
🇬🇷 Greece 104.9 160.2 +55.3
🇫🇷 France 58.9 110.5 +51.6
🇵🇹 Portugal 54.2 104.0 +49.8
🇪🇸 Spain 57.8 104.7 +46.9
🇸🇮 Slovenia 25.9 66.5 +40.6
🇫🇮 Finland 42.4 76.5 +34.1
🇭🇷 Croatia 35.4 61.8 +26.4
🇨🇦 Canada 80.4 103.3 +22.9
🇨🇾 Cyprus 56.0 70.9 +14.9
🇦🇹 Austria 65.7 74.0 +8.3
🇸🇰 Slovak Republic 50.5 56.5 +6.0
🇩🇪 Germany 59.3 64.0 +4.7
🇧🇪 Belgium 109.6 106.8 -2.8
🇮🇱 Israel 77.4 56.8 -20.6
🇮🇸 Iceland 75.8 54.6 -21.2

The debt-to-GDP ratio indicates how much a country owes compared to the
size of its economy, reflecting its ability to manage and repay debts.
Percentage point (pp) changes shown above indicate the increase or
decrease of these ratios.

Countries with the Biggest Increases
Japan (+116 pp), Singapore (+86 pp), and the U.S. (+71 pp) have grown
their debt as a percentage of GDP the most since the year 2000.

All three of these countries have stable, well-developed economies, so
it’s unlikely that any of them will default on their growing debts. With
that said, higher government debt leads to increased interest payments,
which in turn can diminish available funds for future government budgets.

This is a rising issue in the U.S., where annual interest payments on
the national debt have surpassed $1 trillion for the first time ever.

Only 3 Countries Saw Declines
Among this list of advanced economies, Belgium (-2.8 pp), Iceland (-21.2
pp), and Israel (-20.6 pp) were the only countries that decreased their
debt-to-GDP ratio since the year 2000.

According to Fitch Ratings, Iceland’s debt ratio has decreased due to
strong GDP growth and the use of its cash deposits to pay down upcoming
maturities.

See More Debt Graphics from Visual Capitalist
Curious to see which countries have the most government debt in dollars?
Check out this graphic that breaks down $97 trillion in debt as of 2023.

Enjoying the data visualization above?

In alt.astronomy a425couple <a425couple@hotmail.com> wrote:
> from
> https://www.visualcapitalist.com/how-debt-to-gdp-ratios-have-changed-since-2000/
>
> How Debt-to-GDP Ratios Have Changed Since 2000
> Published 2 weeks ago on April 18, 2024
> By Marcus Lu
> Graphics/Design:
> Miranda Smith
> See this visualization first on the Voronoi app.
>
> Chart comparing debt to GDP ratios from 2000 to 2024
>
> How Debt-to-GDP Ratios Have Changed Since 2000
> This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free
> on Apple or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a
> variety of trusted sources.
>
> Government debt levels have grown in most parts of the world since the
> 2008 financial crisis, and even more so after the COVID-19 pandemic.
>
> To gain perspective on this long-term trend, we???ve visualized the
> debt-to-GDP ratios of advanced economies, as of 2000 and 2024
> (estimated). All figures were sourced from the IMF???s World Economic Outlook.
>
> Data and Highlights
> The data we used to create this graphic is listed in the table below.
> ???Government gross debt??? consists of all liabilities that require
> payment(s) of interest and/or principal in the future.
>
> Country 2000 (%) 2024 (%) Change (pp)
> ???????? Japan 135.6 251.9 +116.3
> ???????? Singapore 82.3 168.3 +86.0
> ???????? United States 55.6 126.9 +71.3
> ???????? United Kingdom 36.6 105.9 +69.3
> ???????? Greece 104.9 160.2 +55.3
> ???????? France 58.9 110.5 +51.6
> ???????? Portugal 54.2 104.0 +49.8
> ???????? Spain 57.8 104.7 +46.9
> ???????? Slovenia 25.9 66.5 +40.6
> ???????? Finland 42.4 76.5 +34.1
> ???????? Croatia 35.4 61.8 +26.4
> ???????? Canada 80.4 103.3 +22.9
> ???????? Cyprus 56.0 70.9 +14.9
> ???????? Austria 65.7 74.0 +8.3
> ???????? Slovak Republic 50.5 56.5 +6.0
> ???????? Germany 59.3 64.0 +4.7
> ???????? Belgium 109.6 106.8 -2.8
> ???????? Israel 77.4 56.8 -20.6
> ???????? Iceland 75.8 54.6 -21.2
....

AKA Croosin fer a Broosin.

One of my little AI programs spots the pattern:
big exporters, big polluters, high rank on the World Risk Index for decades.

So it can not be a surprise to the people running things.
They have been warned for 20y where they were headed for troinle
and they did nothing about it.

Variable R2 beta stderr(beta)
rexpcp 0.55028453 -0.00771116 0.00315532
wri2016rank 0.53343319 0.736956 0.300824
market 0.52269682 0.0294233 0.0122721
rtrdcp 0.51670199 -0.00411275 0.0018004
jntdt3 0.51195785 -16.2712 6.93404
rtrade 0.50291428 -1.01728 0.426712
rimpcp 0.49352403 -0.0101383 0.00448274
wdemo 0.45901346 0.00188356 0.000862754
mktcap 0.44847576 0.00394741 0.00184693
export 0.43431776 -1.78643 0.860189

codes:
rexpcp exports in usd/cap rich countries
wrirank world risk index rank
market market capitalization bn usd
rtrdcp total trade imp+exp usd/cap
jntdt3 debt metric #3 (from 1995!)
rtrade total trade as %gdp rich countries
rimpcp imports usd/cap rich countries
wdemo waste generated 100s tonnes (late 80s!)
mktcap market capitalisation usd/cap
export exports %gdp

R2 == percent of debt change explained by variable
beta = ratio of output change vs input change
stderr = 75% confidence interval of beta ratio

Since someone mentioned the GFC I have an additional footnote.
Back in 2006/7 my little business was asked to look at the books
of a couple companies -- one a major investment compnay, and one
a major bank.

They were both worried about holding a whole bunch of assets on
their books they suspected may be worthless. Experts had told them
they were headed for trouble but they had do nothing about it
for 20y and suddenly decided to run some due dilligence.
I was in one case one of 200 companies that were selected to go
through the books and try to determine what the real situation was.
It was a complex task because the system had been designed to bundle
up cerain products/assets to make them as hard as possible to determine
their actual value. Each broker took the product of some other broken,
added their 10% rent, then passed it on to their clients.
Meaning very hard to dig back through levels of wrapping to find out
what exactly it was that was being sold.

Anyway. Using some simple stats and a lot of crunching on "baby"
we managed to generate a big reports in each case. But the investment
company had a problem with our methodology. So they supplied a revised
requirements sheet that specified exactly how the valuation was to
be undertaken if we wanted to get paid for the work. In other words
they wanted a rubber stamp on what they had been doing for the past
little while and would not accept any actual analysis of their financial
position or industry.

Big surprise. It didnt end well.

--
The WorldRiskIndex is a statistical model that provides an assessment of the latent risk of 193 countries falling victim to a humanitarian disaster caused by extreme natural events and the negative impacts of climate change.
WorldRiskIndex - Humanitarian Data Exchange
-- data.humdata.org